Future Continuous vs Future Perfect

Giới thiệu

Tương lai tiếp diễn (Future Continuous) và tương lai hoàn thành (Future Perfect) là hai thì ít gặp hơn trong giao tiếp hàng ngày nhưng xuất hiện nhiều trong văn viết và tiếng Anh học thuật. Hai thì này đều nói về tương lai nhưng nhấn mạnh vào hai khía cạnh hoàn toàn khác nhau: một thì diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra, thì kia diễn tả hành động đã hoàn thành tại một thời điểm trong tương lai. Bài viết giúp bạn phân biệt rõ ràng và luyện tập qua các dạng bài có đáp án chi tiết.

Cấu trúc

Thì	Khẳng định	Phủ định	Câu hỏi
Future Continuous	S + will be + V-ing	S + will not (won’t) be + V-ing	Will + S + be + V-ing?
Future Perfect	S + will have + V3/ed	S + will not (won’t) have + V3/ed	Will + S + have + V3/ed?

Lưu ý: V3/ed là past participle. Với động từ bất quy tắc cần tra bảng (write → written, finish → finished, go → gone).

Khi nào dùng

Future Continuous dùng khi:

• Diễn đạt hành động sẽ đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong tương lai: At 9 a.m. tomorrow, I will be sitting in an exam.
• Diễn đạt hành động dự kiến xảy ra theo kế hoạch hoặc lịch trình tự nhiên: She will be joining the team next month.
• Hỏi lịch của ai đó một cách lịch sự: Will you be using the car this evening?

Future Perfect dùng khi:

• Diễn đạt hành động sẽ hoàn thành trước một thời điểm hoặc hành động khác trong tương lai: By 6 p.m., I will have finished work.
• Dùng với by, by the time, before: By the time you arrive, we will have cooked dinner.
• Diễn đạt thành tựu tích lũy đến một thời điểm trong tương lai: By next year, she will have worked here for a decade.

Bảng so sánh

Tiêu chí	Future Continuous	Future Perfect
Trọng tâm	Hành động đang diễn ra trong tương lai	Hành động hoàn thành trước một thời điểm tương lai
Cấu trúc chính	will be + V-ing	will have + V3/ed
Ví dụ khẳng định	At noon, she will be having lunch.	By noon, she will have had lunch.
Ví dụ phủ định	I won’t be sleeping at midnight.	I won’t have finished by midnight.
Ví dụ câu hỏi	Will you be working tomorrow?	Will you have finished by tomorrow?
Dấu hiệu nhận biết	at this time tomorrow, at… o’clock tomorrow, this time next week	by, by the time, by then, before, by next week/year

Ví dụ hội thoại

Tình huống 1 – Hành động đang diễn ra vs đã hoàn thành:

A: Can we meet at 3 p.m. tomorrow?

B: Sorry, I will be attending a conference at that time. How about 6 p.m.?

A: That works. By then, I will have finished all my meetings for the day.

Tình huống 2 – Kế hoạch tương lai và thành tựu:

A: Is Professor Nguyen retiring soon?

B: Yes, next June. By the time he retires, he will have taught at this university for thirty years.

A: Incredible. This time next year, he will be enjoying his retirement somewhere warm, I imagine.

Tình huống 3 – Hỏi lịch lịch sự và dự đoán:

A: Will you be using the printer this afternoon? I need it for a long job.

B: No, go ahead. I will have sent all my documents by lunchtime.

A: Perfect. By the end of today, I will have printed everything I need for the presentation.

Dạng 1: Chia động từ (Fill in the blanks)

Điền dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc, dùng Future Continuous hoặc Future Perfect.

1. At this time tomorrow, I ___ (fly) to Singapore.
2. By the end of this month, she ___ (save) enough money for a new laptop.
3. Don’t call me at 8 p.m. — I ___ (have) dinner with my family.
4. By the time you read this letter, I ___ (leave) the country.
5. This time next week, they ___ (lie) on a beach in Phu Quoc.
6. By next January, he ___ (work) at this company for ten years.
7. We ___ (wait) for you at the airport when your flight lands.
8. By the time the project is due, the team ___ (complete) all the tasks.
9. She ___ (present) her research at the conference at 10 a.m. tomorrow.
10. By 2030, scientists ___ (develop) more effective treatments for the disease.

Đáp án – Dạng 1

1. will be flying
2. will have saved
3. will be having
4. will have left
5. will be lying
6. will have worked
7. will be waiting
8. will have completed
9. will be presenting
10. will have developed

Lời giải chi tiết – Dạng 1

• Câu 1, 3, 5, 7, 9: Có thời điểm xác định trong tương lai + hành động đang diễn ra tại thời điểm đó → Future Continuous.
• Câu 2, 4, 6, 8, 10: Có “by / by the time / by next…” → hành động sẽ hoàn thành trước thời điểm đó → Future Perfect.
• Câu 5: “lie” → lying (bỏ e cuối trước khi thêm -ing).

Dạng 2: Đặt câu hỏi Yes/No và câu hỏi Wh-

Phần A – Câu hỏi Yes/No: Chuyển câu khẳng định thành câu hỏi.

1. She will be working late tonight.
2. They will have finished the report by Friday.
3. He will be travelling at this time next month.
4. We will have left by the time you arrive.
5. You will be using the meeting room at 2 p.m.

Phần B – Câu hỏi Wh-: Đặt câu hỏi cho phần gạch chân.

6. She will be teaching fifty students this time next year.
7. By midnight, he will have driven over 400 kilometres.
8. They will be staying at a five-star hotel during the conference.
9. By next summer, she will have finished her PhD.
10. I will be working from home tomorrow morning.

Đáp án – Dạng 2

Phần A:

1. Will she be working late tonight?
2. Will they have finished the report by Friday?
3. Will he be travelling at this time next month?
4. Will we have left by the time you arrive?
5. Will you be using the meeting room at 2 p.m.?

Phần B: 6. How many students will she be teaching this time next year? 7. How far will he have driven by midnight? 8. Where will they be staying during the conference? 9. What will she have finished by next summer? 10. Where will you be working tomorrow morning?

Dạng 3: Viết lại câu (Rewrite the sentence)

Viết lại câu theo yêu cầu trong ngoặc, giữ nguyên nghĩa.

1. At 10 a.m. tomorrow, she will be having a meeting. (phủ định)
2. By next Friday, I will have read the whole book. (câu hỏi Yes/No)
3. Will they be playing football at this time tomorrow? (câu trả lời: Yes)
4. He will have completed the course by December. (phủ định)
5. Will she have graduated by the time her parents visit? (câu trả lời: No)
6. I will be sleeping at midnight. (câu hỏi Wh- về thời điểm)
7. By the end of the trip, we will have visited six countries. (câu hỏi Wh- về số lượng)
8. They will be working on the new project next month. (dùng “she”)
9. By 2035, the population will have reached ten billion. (câu hỏi Yes/No)
10. He won’t be using his car this weekend. (khẳng định)

Đáp án – Dạng 3

1. At 10 a.m. tomorrow, she won’t be having a meeting.
2. Will you have read the whole book by next Friday?
3. Yes, they will.
4. He won’t have completed the course by December.
5. No, she won’t.
6. What time will you be sleeping? / When will you be sleeping?
7. How many countries will you have visited by the end of the trip?
8. She will be working on the new project next month.
9. Will the population have reached ten billion by 2035?
10. He will be using his car this weekend.

Dạng 4: Chọn đáp án đúng (Multiple choice)

Khoanh tròn đáp án A, B, C hoặc D đúng nhất.

1. At this time tomorrow, we ___ our final exams.

   • A. will have   B. will be taking   C. will have taken   D. are taking

2. By the time the guests arrive, she ___ dinner.

   • A. will be cooking   B. will have cooked   C. will cook   D. is cooking

3. Don’t come at 7 p.m. — he ___ his online class then.

   • A. will have taken   B. will take   C. will be taking   D. takes

4. By next year, I ___ English for fifteen years.

   • A. will be studying   B. will have studied   C. will study   D. am studying

5. ___ you ___ the office at 5 p.m. tomorrow?

   • A. Will / have left   B. Will / be leaving   C. Are / leaving   D. Will / leave

6. By the time she turns 30, she ___ three marathons.

   • A. will be running   B. will run   C. will have run   D. runs

7. This time next Monday, they ___ somewhere over the Pacific.

   • A. will have flown   B. will fly   C. will be flying   D. are flying

8. By the end of this year, the company ___ its new headquarters.

   • A. will be opening   B. will have opened   C. opens   D. is opening

9. She ___ on a project report at 9 a.m. tomorrow, so please don’t disturb her.

   • A. will have worked   B. will be working   C. will work   D. is working

10. By the time you finish reading this, I ___ already ___ the plane.

    • A. will / be boarding   B. will / have boarded   C. am / boarding   D. will / board

Đáp án – Dạng 4

1. B – will be taking (hành động đang diễn ra tại thời điểm cụ thể trong tương lai)
2. B – will have cooked (hoàn thành trước khi khách đến → by the time)
3. C – will be taking (đang diễn ra lúc 7 p.m.)
4. B – will have studied (tích lũy đến một thời điểm tương lai → by next year)
5. B – will be leaving (hành động đang diễn ra tại thời điểm 5 p.m.)
6. C – will have run (hoàn thành trước khi cô ấy 30 tuổi)
7. C – will be flying (đang diễn ra this time next Monday)
8. B – will have opened (hoàn thành trước cuối năm)
9. B – will be working (đang diễn ra lúc 9 a.m. tomorrow)
10. B – will / have boarded (hoàn thành trước khi bạn đọc xong)

Dạng 5: Tìm và sửa lỗi sai (Error correction)

Mỗi câu có một lỗi sai. Tìm và sửa lỗi đó.

1. At this time tomorrow, she will have sleeping.
2. By Friday, I will be finished all my assignments.
3. They will been travelling at this time next week.
4. By the time he arrives, we will be eaten dinner.
5. Will she be have completed the course by June?
6. At 10 p.m. tonight, I will have watching a movie.
7. By next summer, they will have living in this house for five years.
8. This time next year, she will have worked at the new office.
9. Will you have been using the car at 3 p.m. tomorrow?
10. By 2040, scientists will be discovered a cure for the disease.

Đáp án – Dạng 5

1. will have sleeping → will be sleeping (hành động đang diễn ra → Future Continuous: will be + V-ing)
2. will be finished → will have finished (hoàn thành trước thời điểm → Future Perfect: will have + V3)
3. will been → will be (Future Continuous: will be + V-ing, không dùng “been”)
4. will be eaten → will have eaten (hoàn thành trước khi anh ấy đến → Future Perfect)
5. Will she be have → Will she have (Future Perfect: Will + S + have + V3, không có “be”)
6. will have watching → will be watching (hành động đang diễn ra lúc 10 p.m. → Future Continuous)
7. will have living → will have lived (Future Perfect dùng V3: live → lived)
8. will have worked → will be working (this time next year = thời điểm đang diễn ra → Future Continuous)
9. Will you have been using → Will you be using (hỏi lịch lịch sự → Future Continuous)
10. will be discovered → will have discovered (hoàn thành trước 2040 → Future Perfect)

Dạng 6: Sắp xếp từ thành câu hoàn chỉnh (Word order)

Sắp xếp các từ sau thành câu đúng ngữ pháp.

1. time / At / tomorrow / this / be / flying / will / she / to / London
2. Friday / will / By / the / have / they / report / finished
3. tonight / at / I / be / will / working / 11 / p.m.
4. arrives / By / she / will / time / the / have / we / left
5. next / be / This / week / travelling / will / he / time / through / Europe
6. you / Will / used / have / car / the / by / noon?
7. she / turned / have / 25 / By / will / graduated / time / the
8. tomorrow / at / will / morning / What / doing / you / 9 / be / a.m.?
9. won’t / By / she / finished / have / then / project / her
10. will / next / be / living / year / They / this / time / in / Canada

Đáp án – Dạng 6

1. At this time tomorrow, she will be flying to London.
2. By Friday, they will have finished the report.
3. I will be working at 11 p.m. tonight.
4. By the time she arrives, we will have left.
5. This time next week, he will be travelling through Europe.
6. Will you have used the car by noon?
7. By the time she has turned 25, she will have graduated.
8. What will you be doing at 9 a.m. tomorrow morning?
9. By then, she won’t have finished her project.
10. This time next year, they will be living in Canada.

Dạng 7: Viết câu từ gợi ý (Sentence writing)

Dùng các từ gợi ý để viết câu hoàn chỉnh với Future Continuous hoặc Future Perfect.

1. At 8 a.m. tomorrow / I / sit / in a meeting
2. By the end of this year / she / save / enough / buy / a car
3. This time next week / they / relax / on a beach / in Da Nang
4. By the time / he / arrive / we / finish / cooking dinner
5. At 10 p.m. tonight / she / not / study (phủ định)
6. you / use / the laptop / at 3 p.m. tomorrow? (câu hỏi lịch lịch sự)
7. By 2050 / renewable energy / replace / fossil fuels / in many countries
8. This time next month / he / train / for the marathon
9. By the time / the film / end / I / fall / asleep
10. By next June / she / teach / at this school / for twenty years

Đáp án – Dạng 7

1. At 8 a.m. tomorrow, I will be sitting in a meeting.
2. By the end of this year, she will have saved enough to buy a car.
3. This time next week, they will be relaxing on a beach in Da Nang.
4. By the time he arrives, we will have finished cooking dinner.
5. At 10 p.m. tonight, she won’t be studying.
6. Will you be using the laptop at 3 p.m. tomorrow?
7. By 2050, renewable energy will have replaced fossil fuels in many countries.
8. This time next month, he will be training for the marathon.
9. By the time the film ends, I will have fallen asleep.
10. By next June, she will have taught at this school for twenty years.

Dạng 8: Bài tập đọc hiểu – Điền từ vào đoạn văn (Cloze test)

Đọc đoạn văn sau và điền dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc, dùng Future Continuous hoặc Future Perfect.

This time next Saturday, Linh (1) ___ (board) a plane to London for her master’s programme. By the time she lands, she (2) ___ (travel) for over twelve hours. Her family (3) ___ (wait) anxiously at home while she settles in. By the end of her first week, she (4) ___ (attend) several orientation sessions and (5) ___ (meet) her classmates from around the world. This time next year, she (6) ___ (study) for her final exams. By the time she graduates, she (7) ___ (spend) two years in the UK. Her parents are already proud: by her graduation day, they (8) ___ (support) her education for over twenty years. Linh herself is excited — she knows that by the time she returns home, she (9) ___ (gain) skills and experiences she could never have imagined. And while she is away, her friends back home (10) ___ (follow) her journey on social media every step of the way.

Đáp án – Dạng 8

1. will be boarding
2. will have travelled / will have traveled
3. will be waiting
4. will have attended
5. will have met
6. will be studying
7. will have spent
8. will have supported
9. will have gained
10. will be following

Dạng 9: Dịch sang tiếng Anh (Translation)

Dịch các câu sau sang tiếng Anh, chú ý chọn đúng Future Continuous hoặc Future Perfect.

1. Vào lúc này ngày mai, tôi sẽ đang bay đến Hà Nội.
2. Đến thứ Sáu, cô ấy sẽ hoàn thành xong bản báo cáo.
3. Đừng gọi cho anh ấy lúc 9 giờ tối — anh ấy sẽ đang ngủ.
4. Đến lúc bạn đến, chúng tôi sẽ nấu xong bữa tối rồi.
5. Vào lúc này tuần sau, họ sẽ đang tận hưởng kỳ nghỉ ở Đà Lạt.
6. Đến năm 2035, công ty sẽ mở rộng ra mười quốc gia.
7. Cô ấy có đang dùng phòng họp lúc 2 giờ chiều không?
8. Đến khi anh ấy về hưu, anh ấy sẽ làm việc ở công ty này được 30 năm.
9. Lúc 11 giờ đêm nay, tôi sẽ vẫn đang làm bài tập.
10. Đến cuối năm nay, cô ấy sẽ đọc xong 20 cuốn sách.

Đáp án – Dạng 9

1. At this time tomorrow, I will be flying to Hanoi.
2. By Friday, she will have finished the report.
3. Don’t call him at 9 p.m. — he will be sleeping.
4. By the time you arrive, we will have cooked dinner.
5. This time next week, they will be enjoying their holiday in Da Lat.
6. By 2035, the company will have expanded to ten countries.
7. Will she be using the meeting room at 2 p.m.?
8. By the time he retires, he will have worked at this company for 30 years.
9. At 11 p.m. tonight, I will still be doing my homework.
10. By the end of this year, she will have read 20 books.

Đọc thêm về 12 thì tiếng Anh